Aim: The purpose of this article is to introduce the contributions of 4 surgeons who worked for neurosurgery during the late 19th century and revealed their contributions to neurosurgery by reviewing the works they left behind. Materials and Methods: The works of four neurosurgeons, Fedor Krause, Victor Hosley, Harvey Cushing and Dandy Walker, who were determined to be ahead of their era and contemporaries in terms of their revolutionary thoughts and detailed studies were studied. The works of these neurosurgeons directly related to neurosurgery are discussed. Results: The problems of the gestational years of modern neurosurgery between 1879 and 1919, the period which is the subject of this article, were overcome with the hard work and efforts of many dedicated surgeons and basic scientists. None of these people are insignificant. However, in terms of the size of the stones they put into the building under construction, 4 great surgeons and their works are prominent. Conclusions: The above-mentioned surgeons have made their surgeries, scientific productions and the systematics permanent through their articles and books. Because of all these developments, the incunabula period of neurosurgery was overcome, and modern neurosurgery was established.