Aim:Adiponectin has significant effects on adipose and other tissues. Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with cardiovascular and ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Adiponectinhas beneficial effects on cardio- and cerebrovascular disorders. However, itsrole in cerebral ischemia has not been adequately investigated and understood. This study aimedto examine the effect of adiponectin administration on acute brain injury in an experimental model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Material and Methods:The study animals were divided into the following four groups:group I, sham(did not undergo surgical intervention and didnot receivedrugs); group II, the I/R model (received the intervention, but did not receivedrugs); group III (I/R-adiponectin)(the I/R model was used, and the animals were treated with 5 mg/kg adiponectin peritoneally30 min after the ischemia); and group IV(I/R-tirofiban)(the I/R model was used,and the animals were treated with 0.5 mg/kg tirofiban peritoneally 30 min after the ischemia).Results:Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β levels were statistically higher in the I/R group (group II) than in other groups. In the post-hoc (Tukey) test analysis, groups I, III, and IVhad significantly lower TNF-α and IL-1β levels after treatment with both tirofiban and adiponectin than group II. Nostatistically significant difference was found between groups III andIVin terms of TNF-α levels. However, the decreasedIL-1β level was more pronounced in group IV (tirofiban) than in other groups. The mean neurologic deficit scores were statistically significantly different amongthe groups. In the post-hoc (Tukey) test analysis, neurologic deficit scores were statistically significantly lowerin groups III andIV than in group II.Conclusion:Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and cerebral protective effects in experimental cerebral I/Rinjury.