Issue release date: 18.03.2025
2Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters Zoology Section, Department of Biology, Manisa, Türkiye
3Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Manisa, Tü
4Manisa Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Manisa, Türkiye
5Izmir Bakircay University, Cigli Educational and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinic, Izmir, Türkiye
6Manisa Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine, Histology and Embriyology Department, Manisa, Türkiye DOI : 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46498-24.3 AIM: To investigate the effect of 48-hour (h) administration of Tarantula Logoplex® (TL), a homeopathic medical product containing Tarantula cubensis venom, alone and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) on T98G glioblastoma cell line with regard to cytotoxicity, cell migration, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) level, and the type of programmed cell death pathway that mediates this cytotoxic effect.
MATERIAL and METHODS: Cytotoxic effect was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry, autophagic cell imaging was performed using the monodansylcadaverine staining method, mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using the tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining method, and cell migration was analyzed using the scratch test. The levels of eNOS, iNOS, and LC3 proteins were evaluated using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot analyses. Results were compared and statistically evaluated.
RESULTS: Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry revealed that the cytotoxicity of the combined administration was high and primarily (37.57%) occurred through apoptosis. According to JC-1 analysis, the apoptotic effect could have originated from mitochondria. Cell migration was lowest at the IC50 dose of TL. The order of fluorescence intensity from the strongest to the weakest was control>TL>combination>TMZ for eNOS and control>TL>combination>TMZ for iNOS. Western blotting revealed the highest eNOS and iNOS protein density with TL IC25 administration and the highest LC3 protein density with TMZ IC50 administration.
CONCLUSION: Combined administration of TL and TMZ may exert a significant cytotoxic effect on T98G glioblastoma cells, which may occur through apoptosis. TL may play a role in augmenting the effect of conventional therapeutic drugs on glioblastoma.
Keywords : Glioblastoma, Apoptosis, Tarantula venom, Culture