Pioneering Turkish neurosurgeons trained by the founders of modern French neurosurgery

Aim: To introduce the Turkish surgeons who went to France to become neurosurgeons, the leading French neurosurgeons whose clinics they visited, and the neurosurgery training of the time and the effect of French neurosurgery on establishment of modern neurosurgery in Türkiye.
Results: Cemil Topuzlu and Mazhar Osman made efforts to train surgeons who would only deal with neurosurgery in Türkiye. For this purpose, some surgeons were sent to France, with which Türkiye has good relations, to the clinics of neurosurgeons such as Thierry de Martel and Clovis Vincent. These surgeons, upon their return, implemented modern neurosurgical practices.
Conclusions: A significant portion of Türkiye\'s leading neurosurgeons received their training in France alongside France\'s leading neurosurgeons, performed surgeries, and published alongside them. For this reason, France is a European country that played a very important role in the establishment of Turkish neurosurgery. Traces of French education can easily be found in Turkish neurosurgery.

Cemil Topuzlu Clovis Vincent Joseph Babinski Mazhar Osman Thierry de Martel