Article in Press

Intraventricular hemorrhage remains a challenging complication of neuroendoscopic procedures because bleeding can rapidly obscure the operative field and compromise safe surgical progression. We read with interest the study by Bolat et al., which rep...

This letter comments on the nomogram developed by Zeng et al. for predicting chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) recurrence after single burr-hole drainage, which achieved 70.5% sensitivity but only 45.9% specificity. We highlight that this modest speci...

We comment on the recently published nomogram developed by Zeng et al. for predicting recurrence after burr-hole drainage in patients with chronic subdural hematoma. Although the study addresses an important clinical issue, several methodological asp...

This letter to the editor critically evaluates the study by Villalonga et al. (2025) on treating low-pressure hydrocephalus (LPH) using combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and valveless shunts. We highlight several concerns: the hydrodyna...

Aim Complex hydrocephalus is a high-risk form of pediatric hydrocephalus characterized by multicystic ventricular compartmentalization, previous infection, or repeated surgical interventions. This study evaluated surgical burden and factors associate...

Aim To compare a tissue-preserving interlaminar full-endoscopic discectomy technique incorporating ligamentum flavum preservation and annular sealing with the conventional technique in terms of recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH), clinical outcom...

Aim Epidural scar formation after laminectomy is a key pathobiological contributor to failed back surgery syndrome, and the development of a biodegradable, mechanically stable, and biologically inert epidural barrier remains an unmet need in spine su...

Aim To quantify the effects of a passive exoskeleton on lumbar compressive forces, intradiscal pressure, and stress distribution during simulated military load carriage. Material and Methods A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of the L1–S1...

Aim Gabapentinoids are frequently used as part of multimodal analgesia strategies in spinal surgery. However, the optimal molecule, dose, and duration of preoperative administration remain unclear. Material and Methods In this prospective randomized...

The sacrum is a central structure in pelvic anatomy, forming the base of the spine and providing mechanical stability while protecting the sacral nerve roots responsible for continence, coordinated movement, and sexual function. Its role extends beyo...

Aim To biomechanically evaluate the influence of cage geometry, dimensions, and integrated fixation concepts on the insertion–expulsion characteristics, compression behavior, and static and dynamic subsidence performance of cervical polyether ether k...

Aim Calvarial masses encompass a broad spectrum of benign and malignant neoplasms. This study describes their clinical, radiological, and pathological features, evaluates preoperative diagnostic accuracy, and proposes a practical management algorithm...

Aim: Primary intracranial Epstein-Barr virus–associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMTs) are rare and almost exclusively arise in immunocompromised hosts. We report the first intracranial EBV-SMT arising at the sphenoid wing in a child with ARTEMIS (D...

Aim This study aims to compare the predictive success rates of novel radiological markers for difficult intubation with traditional tests, including the Modified Mallampati score (MMS), Cormack-Lehane classification (CLS), thyromental distance (TMD),...

Aim This study aimed to analyze the demographic characteristics, clinical spectrum, temporal trends, and outcomes of all emergency department neurosurgical consultations at a tertiary university hospital in Turkey over a six-year period, with emphasi...

ABSTRACT AIM: Lesions of the C2 vertebral body and odontoid process are challenging to manage due to complex regional anatomy and the inherent risk of atlantoaxial instability. Conventional transoral and anterior approaches carry well-recognized limi...

Background: Subperiosteal hematoma is predominantly described in neonates, where it usually results from birth trauma. While most cases resolve spontaneously, a few may progress to calcification. Adult cases are uncommon, particularly those presentin...

Aim This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of publications on epilepsy surgery in pediatric patients from 1980 to 2024, aiming to map the evolution, trends, and research hotspots in this field. Material and Methods Using the Web of Science (WoS...

Aim Meningiomas are among the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, yet the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of immune checkpoint molecules in these tumors remains unclear. This study investigated the association of...

Objective: To present a rare case of solitary frontal brain metastasis from ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) successfully treated with microsurgical gross total resection and multimodal oncological therapy. Case Description: A 44-year-old w...

Aim Lumbar spinal stenosis is a degenerative spinal disorder characterized by neurogenic claudication and functional impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of decompression combined with a semi-rigid ...

Background/Study Aims: Pineal tumors are rare and pose significant surgical challenges owing to their deep location and proximity to critical neurovascular structures. The occipital transtentorial approach (OTA) is a well-established route for resect...

IAim: To describe a practical modification in unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery (UBESS) to ensure continuous fluid outflow. Materials and Methods: Two specially modified tubular retractors were placed at the working and viewing ports, faci...

AIM: Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare EpsteinBarr virusassociated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Primary central nervous system (CNS) involvement, particularly as a solitary intracranial lesion, is extremely uncommon and poses signif...

Aim This qualitative study investigates the resignation processes of neurosurgery residents in Turkiye, a group widely recognized for experiencing the highest workload and clinical risk within residency training. Material and Methods Utilizing a phe...

ABSTRACT Background: Upper lumbar disc herniations present unique anatomical challenges because of the sagittal orientation of the facet joints, shorter laminae, and more prominent lateral pars interarticularis. Current trans-pars endoscopic techniqu...

Aim The aim of this study is to analyze the treatment practices for the cervical, dorsal and lumbar regions described in Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn Abbas al-Zahrāwīs Kitāb al-Taṣrīf, and to evaluate their transmission into medieval European medicine thr...

Aim Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a minimally invasive alternative to conventional discectomy. However, whether routine early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is necessary to evaluate residual disc material and pre...

Aim Myelomeningocele (MMC), the most common life-compatible central nervous system congenital anomaly, is frequently associated with intracranial malformations, including hydrocephalus and Chiari-related hindbrain herniation. This study aimed to exam...

Aim To investigate patterns of neurological recovery and complication profiles in patients with central versus lateral spinal canal compression who experienced postoperative neurological deterioration after PDIF. Material and Methods This retrospect...

Aim This study aimed to clarify the rates and characteristics of complications in patients who underwent pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) with a minimum follow-up period of 5 years. Material and Methods This single-center retrospective study anal...

Objective: To report three pituitary apoplexy (PA) cases with a distinctive “brush-like sign” on T1-weighted imaging and preliminarily explore its potential clinical implications with consideration of the study’s limitations. Methods: Three patients ...

Aim Brainstem (BS) safe entry zones (SEZs) are commonly described as surface-defined corridors; however, their operative relevance is ultimately shaped by the depth-dependent convergence of compact longitudinal tracts and cranial nerve nuclei. We aim...

Aim Temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells maintain adaptive redox mechanisms that limit the effectiveness of single-agent therapies. This study examined whether Trolox and melatonin, alone or in combination, could modulate oxidative, inflammatory...

AIM: Geniculate neuralgia (GN) is a rare craniofacial pain syndrome characterized by severe lancinating pain in the ear.1 Its diagnosis is complex due to the sensory overlap of cranial nerves (CN) V, VII, IX, and X. We present two cases of GN treated...

Introduction VPS13A disease (chorea-acanthocytosis, ChAc) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in the VPS13A gene. Medical therapy is usually symptomatic and often ineffective for hyperkinetic movemen...

Aim To compare Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements of lumbar vertebrae between patients with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) and age- and sex-matched controls without LSTV using abdominal computed tomography (CT) images. Material and Methods...

Aim Sodium acid pyrophosphate is a phosphate-based food additive used in several processed food products. However, its potential effects on early neural development have not been sufficiently investigated. In this experimental study, we evaluated whe...

Aim En-bloc and central bone strip–sparing techniques are two approaches for bifrontal decompressive craniectomy (DC), commonly performed in patients with traumatic bifrontal contusions. While en-bloc DC is more widely practiced, central bone strip p...

Aim Hardware-related complications remain a notable concern in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgeries; infections and erosions account for approximately 5%, with implantable pulse generator (IPG)-related problems accounting for a substantial proporti...

Aim To evaluate the contribution of the sacrum to stability in lumbosacral stabilization surgeries and effect on revisions. The limited comparative data between stabilization at L5 and extension to S1 provided the rationale for this study. Material ...

Aim Posterior fossa ependymomas (PFE) are biologically heterogeneous tumors with variable outcomes. This study aimed to correlate molecular alterations1q gain, 6q loss, H3K27me3 status, and Tenascin-C expressionwith clinical outcomes, and to perform ...

Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus that typically affects the liver and lungs, whereas cerebral involvement is uncommon. This case report describes multiple cerebral hydatid cysts (approximatel...

Basilar artery occlusions (BAO) in adults are associated with high mortality and severe sequelae; pediatric cases are rare, and data in the literature are limited. Endovascular therapy (EVT) is recommended in many studies for BAO in adults, given its...

Background: The timing of surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains controversial. Objective: To evaluate the effect of earlier versus later surgery on the functional outcomes and mortality in patients with aSAH. Methods: Follow...

Aim To investigate C2 morphometry, prevalence of high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) and feasibility of conventional C2 screw instrumentation for Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) patients without basilar invagination, and to compare these parameters...

Background: Neural decompression and spinal stabilization are the two foundational pillars of modern spinal surgery, each shaped by centuries of anatomical insight, technological innovation, and biomechanical conceptualization. The contemporary pract...

Schwannomas originate from Schwann cells, have a benign character and are classified as nerve sheath tumours. These tumours can occur anywhere within the nervous system that contains Schwann cells. Intracranially, they are most commonly found in the ...

Aim Chordomas (CH) are malignant bone neoplasms with notochordial origin accepted to arise from the notochord reminants. Their response to chemotherapy is poor and this is an important limitation for treatment. Microsatellite instability (MSI) screen...

Anatomical variations of lumbar nerve roots are rare, and transpedicular root courses are extremely uncommon. We present the first nonsyndromic and incidentally detected case of an L4 transpedicular nerve root anomaly. A 45-year-old woman presented w...

Aim Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are widely used in neurosurgery to support evidence-based clinical decisions and to promote consistency in patient management. However, their methodological quality and internal consistency vary substantially a...

Background: Acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) occurs when blood rapidly accumulates under the dura mater, often within minutes to hours of head trauma. If untreated, aSDH may evolve into a chronic subdural hematoma, leading to severe neurologic deficits...

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary malignant tumor composed of immature myeloid precursor cells, most commonly associated with hematologic disorders, such as acute myeloid leukemia, but occasionally presenting as an isolated lesion without...

Aim This study aims to compare the dosimetric performance and QA outcomes of CyberKnife, Radixact, and Linac-based VMAT (Monaco and RayStation TPS) for brain metastases, providing evidence-based guidance for modality selection based on tumor characte...

Aim Full-endoscopic spinal surgery has been associated with several unique complications that may be related to increased epidural pressure. Reported complications include headache, neck pain, seizures, and intracranial or retinal hemorrhage. This st...

Abstract Objective: Pituitary metastases are rare, constituting only 1-2% of sellar masses. While various malignancies can metastasize to the pituitary gland, cervical cancer with isolated pituitary involvement is exceptionally uncommon. Literature ...

Aim We sought to clarify the relationships between postoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) and perioperative laboratory and clinical indicators in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to identify independent deter...

Aim We sought to clarify the relationships between postoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) and perioperative laboratory and clinical indicators in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to identify independent deter...

Aim The aim of this bibliometric analysis was to systematically map and quantitatively evaluate the global scientific literature on artificial intelligence applications in neurosurgery. Material and Methods The Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection d...

The evolution of matter has been progressing since the moment the universe first began to form. In the process of discovering the properties of matter, we, humanity, are increasingly able to describe the behavior of its sub-atomic particles. As long ...

Aim Skin grafts or flaps are used in the repair of meningomyelocele (MMC) defects. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological structures of the meningomyelocele sac in MMC and, if appropriate, to use them in defect repair. Material and Metho...

Aim Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) influences poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We evaluated the prognostic value of clinical variables, inflammatory and metabolic markers, and surgical timing for DCI in aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal ...

Aim Pain injections are one of the most commonly done spinal procedures, yet there are no structured and safe platforms for teaching. We aimed to create a low-cost, 3D-printed lumbosacral model with real-time feedback for training residents in lumbar...

Aim To investigate whether preoperative dynamic computed tomography improves surgical decision-making and radiological and clinical outcomes in patients with unstable fractures of the atlas vertebra. Material and Methods A retrospective review was...

Aim The aim of this study was to describe a surgical technique that enables maximal and safe correction while minimizing complication rates in patients with severe neuromuscular scoliosis. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients wi...

Aim To evaluate whether intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) before unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery (UBE) can improve the visual field clarity, reduce postoperative pain and recovery quality. Material and Methods Analysis of the visual cla...

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare systemic disorder, and spinal involvement is exceptionally uncommon. This study aims to report a rare case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis affecting the cervical spine and to discuss the conditi...

Aim This study evaluated changes in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) values measured by computed tomography (CT) in infants who had undergone surgery for hydrocephalus and assessed their correlation with the Evans index (EI). Material and Methods ...

Aim This retrospective study aimed to investigate the radiological and clinical features of syringomyelia in patients with spinal dysraphism accompanied by split cord malformation (SCM). A secondary objective was to propose a specific terminology to ...

Background LEOPARD syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple lentigines, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, conduction abnormalities, and variable systemic features. Malignancies are uncommon but have been reported in affect...

Aim The results regarding the use of more than six courses of adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) in glioblastoma remain controversial. In the current study, we focused on comparing the survival outcomes of patients treated with the standard six courses of a...

Aim: To introduce the Turkish surgeons who went to France to become neurosurgeons, the leading French neurosurgeons whose clinics they visited, and the neurosurgery training of the time and the effect of French neurosurgery on establishment of modern...

Background: Hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis (HSP) is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by progressive thickening of the spinal dura mater. The diagnosis requires careful exclusion of infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic etiologies. Al...

Aim Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) involves secondary injury via apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Vigabatrin, a GABA-transaminase inhibitor, in a rat TSCI model, f...

Aim Valproic acid is sometimes used for seizure prophylaxis in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), but its safety in this setting, particularly regarding bleeding risk and thrombocytopenia, remains controversial. Our objective is to evaluat...

Aim To evaluate the predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamic parameters for short-term postoperative outcomes in patients with syringomyelia (SM). Material and Methods 200 SM patients, including both Chiari I malformation–related a...

Aim Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is a disease characterized by recurrent episodes of severe pain in one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, and the effectiveness of current treatments is limited, especially in patients with metabolic disorders. T...

Aim Postoperative bleeding after emergency craniotomy for traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Current predictive models of risk factors are based on a very limited number of variables or onl...

Professor M. Gazi Yaşargil (1925–2025), celebrated worldwide as the “Neurosurgeon of the Century,” revolutionized neurosurgery through his pioneering introduction of the surgical microscope, the development of microsurgical instruments, and the creat...

Aim To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes after deformity correction with long-segment (>3 levels) posterior fixation and strategic TLIF in Adult Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis and to find the correlation between clinical and radiological...

Objectives: To characterize the molecular and genetic landscape of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas and assess their prognostic significance. Methods: This retrospective study was carried from January 2024 to January 2025. Whole-exome sequencing,...

Aim The surgical complexity of sphenoid wing meningiomas (SWMs) leads to variable and difficult-to-predict postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors by developing a machine learning (ML) model on a single-center cohort a...

Objective: This case report describes an incidental intraoperative finding of a pure intracranial vagal schwannoma during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS), a rare clinical scenario with minimal precedent in the literature....

We report the microsurgical management of a complex diffuse arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a regional hospital. A 46-year-old woman with hypertension and chronic kidney disease presented with a five-day history of mood changes, emotional labilit...

Calcified thoracic disc herniations (CTDH) are a rare spinal pathology that can cause progressive myelopathy and presents formidable surgical challenges due to their adherence to surrounding tissues. Herein, we describe the staged surgical management...

Aim To compare the short- to mid-term clinical outcomes of para-split laminotomy (PL) and hemilaminectomy (HL) for the resection of lumbar spinal tumors. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 67 patients who underwent lumbar spinal tumor ...

Aim This study evaluated the performance of ChatGPT (GPT-4o) on the Turkish Neurosurgical Society Competency Written Examination, compared its performance with that of human examinees, characterized the types of questions it answered incorrectly, and...

Aim To investigate the etiological spectrum, presurgical characteristics, and long-term surgical outcomes in children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and to identify clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging-based predictors of favorable outcome...

Background and Objective: Uric acid is the end product of purine catabolism and exhibits context-dependent biological effects in relation to oxidative balance and inflammation. Given the prominent metabolic and redox alterations observed in intracra...

Meralgia paresthetica (MP), is a condition caused by compression neuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). Refractory cases to first-line treatments have been reported. In such cases, nerve decompression can be performed via an open a...

Aim Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is increasingly used in neurosurgical practice, yet its implementation and training background remain heterogeneous. This study aimed to provide an overview of current IONM practices and attitudes among neuro...

Aim To evaluate the clinical efficacy of heart-shaped suturing in improving postoperative scar formation in pediatric patients undergoing tethered cord syndrome (TCS) surgery. Material and Methods Seventy-two pediatric patients diagnosed with TCS be...

Aim Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults, with poor prognosis despite current standard treatments. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as PD-1 blockade have shown promise in several cancers, their effic...

Aim:Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) of the L5–S1 segment of the spine is technically challenging and has higher cage subsidence rates compared with other lumbar levels. Because three-dimensional–printed porous titanium cages (3D-PTCs) e...

Aim This study aimed to analyze the association between sphenoid sinus volume (Sv) and vidian nerve (VN) protrusion using computed tomography (CT) images. Material and Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the radiology dep...

Aim The postoperative prognosis after decompression surgery for traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains poor, with some patients left in a vegetative state or dying postoperatively. This study aimed to develop a simple preoperative scoring system to pre...

Objective: We describe a rare case of Holmes tremor (HT) secondary to a hemorrhagic cavernoma and assess the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS), specifically targeting the globus pallidus internus (GPI), in the presence of coexisting dysto...

Aim Surgical access to the third ventricle is particularly challenging because of its deep location and close relationship with critical neurovascular structures. The endoscopic transsphenoidal (ETS) approach provides access deeply situated structure...

Aim Infections associated with extra-ventricular drains (EVDs) remain a major challenge in neurosurgical care. This retrospective single-center study evaluated the infection rate, causative microorganisms, resistance patterns, and clinical risk facto...

Aim This study aims to compare Gamma Knife (GK) and Linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) techniques for malignant brain tumors with increasing tumor volumes, focusing on Conformity Index (CI), Paddick Conformity Index (PCI), Homogeneity Index ...

Aim: Mediastinal neurogenic tumors (MNTs) are rare neoplasms derived from neural elements within the mediastinum. While most MNTs are benign and asymptomatic, surgical resection is generally recommended due to the potential for malignant transformati...

Aim The goal of spinal deformity surgery is to correct curvature in a stable and balanced way. In order to achieve this goal, radiography is used to determine the degree of angles during the operation. However, intraoperative X-ray has several disadv...

Aim Intracranial ependymomas are rare in adults, with much of the literature focusing on pediatric cases. The standard treatment involves maximal safe resection often combined with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy depending on the patient’s age, th...

Aim Anterior skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas may result in persistent rhinorrhea with a risk of serious infections such as meningitis. In this study, we reviewed our institutional experience and surgical outcomes in patients who underwe...

Aim This study aimed to test whether MN1 expression is associated with meningioma multiplicity and to compare its distribution across typical and atypical forms. We investigate MN1 gene expression levels in multiple meningiomas and compares these lev...

Aim Intraoperative assessment is critical in cerebral aneurysm surgery to ensure complete occlusion while preserving adjacent vessels. While digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard, indocyanine green video angiography (ICG-VA)...

Aim Pituitary adenomas may present invasive features, accounting for a considerable number of intracranial malignancies. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that play key roles in extracellular matrix remodeling, tumor invasion, and m...

Aim This study evaluates the impact of suprasellar extension (SSE) morphology and radiological parameters on surgical outcomes and the descent of suprasellar residual tumors into the sella at three months postoperatively in pituitary neuroendocrine t...

Aim This study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of melatonin on radiation-induced injuries in the central nervous system (CNS). The potential of melatonin to mitigate oxidative stress, a primary contributor to radiation-induced damage, is ...

Aim Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is an encapsulated collection of blood at different stages of coagulation that accumulates at the dural border cell layer. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of de novo vessels in the inner membran...

Aim:To analyze the differences in clinical efficacy and safety between neurointerventional surgery and craniotomy in the treatment of patients with cerebral aneurysms and investigate their impact on patient prognosis.Material and Methods:In this retr...

Introduction: We describe a rare instance of severe peripheral nerve injury caused by electrical shock from bipolar forceps during surgery, highlighting the challenges in treatment and recovery. This unique occupational hazard for a neurosurgeon unde...

Aim To explore the potential mechanism of Shennao Fuyuan Decoction underlying autophagy following cerebral ischemia. Material and Methods The rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established and administrated Shennao Fuyuan Decoc...